Android Q Scoped Storage: Best Practices and Updates - Application Sandboxing is a centerpiece of Android's design, isolating applications from one another. In Android Q, taking a similar key guideline from Application Sandboxing, we presented Scoped Storage.
Since the Beta 1 release, you've given us a great deal of valuable feedback on these changes - thank you for helping shape Android! Because of your feedback, we've evolved the features during the Android Q Beta. In this post, we'll share choices for declaring your application's help for Scoped Storage on Android Q devices, and best practices for question we've heard from the community.
Updates to help you adopt Scoped Storage
We expect that Scoped Storage ought to have minimal impact to applications following current storage best practices. however, we additionally got notification from you that Scoped Storage can be an elaborate change for some applications and you could utilize more opportunity to assess the impact. Being developer ourselves, we comprehend you may require some extra time to ensure your application's compatibility with this change. We want to help.
In the upcoming Beta 3 release, apps targeting Android 9 Pie (API level 28) or less by default, will not see any changes how storage from previous Android versions works.
As you update your current application to work with Scoped Storage, you'll have the capacity to utilize another manifest attribute to enable the new behavior for your application on Android Q devices, even if you Application API levels are targeting 28 or fewer.
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The implementation details of these changes will be accessible with the Beta 3 release, but we wanted to share this update with you early, so you can more readily set up your application for Android Q devices. Scoped Storage will be required in next year’s major platform release for all applications, independent of target SDK level, so we recommend you add support to your application well ahead of time. Please continue letting us know your feedback and how we can better align Scoped Storage with your application's utilization cases. You can give us input through this survey, or submit a bug and request it here.
Best practices for common feedback areas
Your feedback is very valuable and has helped us shape these design decisions. Also, share best practices for frequently asked questions.
- Storing shared media files. For apps that handle files that users expect to be sharable with different applications, (for example, photographs) and be held after the application has been uninstalled, utilize the MediaStore API. There are specific collections for common media files: photos, audio, and video. For other file types, you can store them in a new download archive.
- To get to files from the Downloads collection, applications must utilize the system picker.
- Storing app-internal files. If your application is designed to handle files not meant to be shared with different applications, store them in your package-specific directories. This helps keep files organized and limit file clutter as the OS will manage cleanup when the application is uninstalled. Calls to Context.getExternalFilesDir() will keep on work.
- Working with permissions and file ownership. For MediaStore, no permissions are essential for applications that just access their own files. Your application will need to request permission to access media contributed by different applications. However, if your application is uninstalled and then reinstalled later, you'll have to request permission from the user in order to be able to access media your application previously contributed.
- Working with native code or libraries. The recommended pattern is to start your media file discovery in your Java-based or Kotlin-based code, then pass the file's associated file descriptor into your native code.
- Working with many files efficiently. If you have to perform bulk file operations in a single transaction, consider utilizing ContentProvider.applyBatch().
- Integrating with the system file picker.
- Documents applications, for example, a word processor, can utilize the ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT or ACTION_GET_CONTENT activity to open a system file picker.
- File management applications typically work with collections of application in a directory hierarchy. Use ACTION_OPEN_DOCUMENT_TREE to let the user pick a directory subtree.The application can additionally manipulate files available in the returned directory. Through this support, users can access files from any installed Documents Provider instance, which can be supported by any cloud-based or locally-backed storage solutions.
What’s ahead
It's amazing to see community engagement on Android Q Beta so far. As we finalize the release in the next several months, please continue the trial and continue the feedback coming.
Go along with us at Google I/O 2019 for more details on Scoped Storage and other Android Q features.
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