Steam turbine is a device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam and uses it to do mechanical work on a rotating output shaft. Most modern commercial electric power is produced by steam turbines. Steam turbines are manufactured in a variety of sizes ranging from small (<1 MW) to giant (>1000 MW). The turbine is a twist from the simple steam engine in that it extracts energy from the steam by using the rotational motion of turbine blades or buckets which are most commonly anchored on a rotating shaft that is turned by pressure and speed of the steam on the buckets. Let us understand steam turbine in detail.
Working Principle:
A steam turbine works on the principle of impulse and reaction. Steam at high pressure and temperature is passed through stationary nozzle blades where some of its pressure energy is converted into kinetic energy before it enters the turbine casing. The steam then strikes multiple moving blades attached to the turbine shaft. Due to the impulse force provided by the steam, the turbine shaft rotates. This mode is called Impulse mode. In addition, there is also a pressure drop in the steam as it passes through the static and moving blades. Due to this pressure drop, the steam expands in the turbine stages gaining momentum to further rotate the turbine shaft. This mode is called Reaction mode. A combination of both impulse and reaction principles results in converting maximum amount of thermal energy to mechanical rotational energy.
Types of Steam Turbines:
There are three main types of steam turbines based on how the steam is passed through the turbine.
1. Impulse Turbine: In an impulse turbine, the steam pressure is reduced completely in the stationary nozzle blades without changing the volume of steam. Only the kinetic energy of steam impacts the moving blades leading to rotation. Impulse turbines are used for lower pressure but higher speed applications.
2. Reaction Turbine: In reaction turbines, the steam expands both in nozzle as well as moving blades. There is a pressure reduction as well as volume expansion of steam in successive rows of stationary and moving blades. Most of the steam power plants installed today use reaction turbines for higher efficiency.
3. Impulse-Reaction Turbine: As the name suggests, it uses a combination of both impulse and reaction principles. It has stages of stationary and moving blades in sections where impulse effect is utilized and other stages where reaction effect dominates. Overall efficiency is higher than impulse type.
Major Components:
The key components of a steam turbine are:
1. Steam Turbine Rotor: It consists of discs, shaft, blades and buckets that rotates due to the pressure and flow of steam on the blades.
2. Steam Nozzle: Nozzles are stationary rows of blades or nozzles that establishes the flow of steam and reduces its static pressure into kinetic energy.
3. Casings: A number casings surround the turbine shaft which house various stationary and moving blade arrangement. They are designed to withstand high temperature and pressure.
4. Gland Seals: Seals or glands located between rotating and non-rotating parts prevent leakage of steam. Different types of seals like labyrinth, carbon seals are used.
5. Bearings: Bearings support the heavy rotating turbine shaft. Mostly roller or ball bearings lubricated with oil are used.
6. Moisture Separators:They remove entrained water droplets from expanding steam before it enters the turbine.
Steam Turbine Operation:
Steam at high pressure and temperature enters the turbine through steam nozzles. Pressure energy is converted to kinetic energy of steam flow in the stationary nozzle blades. The steam jet then hits the moving buckets or blades mounted on the turbine rotor. Impulse and reaction forces causes the rotor to spin. As steam passes through multiple stages of stationary and moving blades, it progressively expands while rotating the turbine. The exhaust steam from the last stage is condensed in the condenser and pumped back to the boiler as feed water using condensate pumps and feed water pumps. Adequate sealing between rotating and stationary components is maintained. The rotational energy of the turbine shaft is then utilized to produce electrical power through a Generator. Turbine control valves regulate the flow of steam to control turbine speed and power output according to demand.
Advantages of Steam Turbines:
- Steam turbines provide high power-to-weight ratio making them ideal for large scale power generation. They can have power range from few kW to 800MW.
- Thermal efficiency can exceed 55% owing to multistage expansion.
- Less susceptibility to fluctuations in steam parameters like pressure and temperature compared to reciprocating engines.
- Operation of huge turbines does not generate too much vibrations, noise and can be handled quite easily.
- Provide flexibility to operate with variety of fuels by raising steam through coal, gas, renewable fuels fired boilers.
- Initial cost is higher but operating and maintenance cost is lower compared to internal combustion engines.
- Occupy less space for equivalent power output making them suitable for electricity generation.
- Long stable operation life of 30-40 years makes them highly economical.
Get More Insights Here
Chola Turbo is one of the leading steam turbines manufacturer in India.
Our manufacturing unit is located in an industrial zone near Bangalore.
We are proudly manufacturing various classes of steam turbines form the last 2 decades.
Our steam turbines are fulfilling the needs of industries like bio-mass, waste-based independent power plants, captive power plants and, industries equipped with Co-generation units.
Apart from manufacturing we also perform turbine refurbishing and turnkey erection.
These works are performed by a team that consists of highly trained service personal and engineers.
Hydropower turbine are the most prevailing source of production of energy through nonpolluting sources such as low-head turbines, small hydro plants, and run-of river hydro plants.
Manufacturers focus on R activities to provide better quality of service, reliability, portability, accessibility, and performance.
In addition, rise in global population; need for unconventional energy sources; and increase in research, development, and maintenance activities supplement the market growth.
According to power generation capacity, it classified into less than 1,000 kW, over 10,000 kW, and between 1,000 kW & 10,000 kW.
Geographically, the market is analyzed across North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Middle East & Africa.Request for Table of Contents: http://www.marketgrowthanalysis.com/reports/toc/199Key manufacturers operating in the industry are GE Energy, Siemens Wind Power, Urban Green Energy, International Aero Engines, Enercon, Suzlon Energy Limited, and others.
These key manufacturers have adopted new product launches, partnerships, collaborations, joint ventures, expansion, merger & acquisition, and others to strengthen their position and gain competitive advantage in the industry.Report Description: http://www.marketgrowthanalysis.com/hydropower-turbine-marketAbout Us:Market Growth Analysis is one of the leading digital services provider and a result-oriented company based in Canada.
Steam Turbine Market - OverviewMarket Research Future (MRFR) has released an extensive report on the Steam Turbine Market highlighting the key macro and micro-economic factors impacting the growth of the market over the forecast period of 2017-2023.
MRFR has asserted that the steam turbine market would reach USD 19.21 Bn at a CAGR of 4.2% over the forecast period.
Steam turbines are used in thermal electricity generation plants, one of the older methods of power generation.
Steam turbine consume less pace, have larger capacity and are designed for greater speed range.Steam turbine installations can significantly lead to incremental improvements in single power stations' operations due to which various power generation companies are investing in steam turbines to leverage the opportunity.
Steam turbines are also key in the nuclear sector.
Growing niche applications of steam turbines in concentrated solar power (CSP) where they contribute to emission-free energy facilities have been instrumental in driving the steam turbine market.
The Global Cogeneration Equipment Market Research Report – Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast Till 2027 gives an evaluation of the market developments based on historical studies and comprehensive research respectively.
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