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The Rise of Medical Robots

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Pooja salve
The Rise of Medical Robots

Advances in Robotics Technology Robotic technology has advanced tremendously in recent decades. Powerful computers, high- precision cameras and sensors, and innovative motion control algorithms have enabled engineers to build robots with ever greater levels of dexterity, precision and intelligence. In the medical field, these advances are being harnessed to develop robots capable of assisting doctors with complex surgical procedures, helping nurses with tasks like medication delivery, and aiding rehabilitation therapists. From assisting in minimally invasive "keyhole" surgeries to disinfecting hospitals, robots are transforming healthcare delivery. Surgical Robot Assistants One of the most well-known applications of medical robots is surgical robot assistants like the da Vinci Surgical System. Used for procedures like prostatectomies and hysterectomies, these sophisticated machines allow surgeons to perform minimally invasive keyhole surgeries with enhanced dexterity, precision, and view of the surgical site. The surgeon operates via a console several feet away from the patient that translates their hand and foot movements into precise robot arm movements inside the patient's body. This overcomes some of the inherent limitations of conventional laparoscopic and robotic surgery while allowing surgeons to work through just a few small incisions. Hundreds of thousands of surgeries using da Vinci and similar surgical robots have demonstrated their potential to improve surgical outcomes. Rehabilitation Robot Technologies Another major application area is rehabilitation robotics. Medical Robots are being developed and tested to assist physical therapists in administering repetitive, intensive therapies for conditions like stroke, spinal cord injury and other impairments. Robotic exoskeletons allow patients to perform walking motions and increasingly complex motor tasks that enhance neuroplasticity and recovery of motor function. Meanwhile, robotic arms help patients regain coordinated reaching, grasping and object manipulation. Early studies indicate rehabilitation robots may help amplify the effects of therapy while reducing the physical strain on therapists. As technologies progress, rehabilitation robots have the potential to bring state-of-the-art therapies to more patients. Hospital Logistics and Sterilization Medical Robots In addition to direct patient care roles, robots are taking on important behind-the-scenes tasks in hospitals. Automated guided vehicles (AGVs) transport non-sterile supplies, laundry, meals and medical records throughout facilities. This reduces worker lifting injuries and frees up staff time. Disinfection robots deploy ultraviolet (UV) light to sanitize hospital rooms, eradicating dangerous pathogens which can transmit healthcare associated infections. Early studies from pilot sites indicate disinfection robots may significantly decrease infection rates. Other hospital robots clean floors, deliver medications and even to transport patients within facilities. As robots assume more of these logistical functions, resources can be reinvested into direct patient care. Nursing Assistant Robots Nursing is a highly physically and emotionally demanding job where robotics may help alleviate demands. Nursing assistant robots in development aim to aid with tasks like transporting and lifting patients, retrieving and delivering meals and medications, and monitoring vital signs. One example is Diligent Robotics' CartCart robot that follows nurses around and carries up to 400 lbs of supplies, equipment and waste. This could prevent injuries from repetitive lifting and free up nursing time. Other projects are developing robots to turn and reposition patients, or robotic slings that passively support patients being moved or transported. Once proven effective, nursing assistant robots may help address issues like nurse shortages and burnout by reducing physical burdens. Remote Presence Robots A final developing area is using robots as virtual surrogates, most notably for telemedicine and tele-interaction. Remote presence robots allow doctors, nurses and family members to "beam in" to a patient's room via a mobile robot base with a video screen, microphones and speakers. Physicians can examine patients and consult with onsite clinicians from anywhere. Family members can check in on loved ones they otherwise cannot visit in person. This promotes continuity of care and reduces travel burdens, especially important during infectious disease outbreaks limiting visitation. Remote presence robots may one day provide general tele-navigation services as well, allowing operators to virtually "walk around" hospitals, shops or other locations remotely. Ethical and Societal Considerations While they promise benefits like enhanced capabilities, reduced human workload and improved access to care, new technologies also prompted valid ethical, economic and societal questions that require ongoing evaluation and consideration: - How might widespread use of medical robots impact healthcare employment in roles increasingly assumed by machines? What alternatives could support affected workers? - What safety and regulatory oversight is needed to ensure medical robots and AI technologies are developed and implemented safely? How can risks be minimized? - How might healthcare costs and insurance coverage evolve to accommodate robotic procedures, therapies and care delivery models? What policies ensure affordability and access? - What kinds of worker training, credentialing and certification are necessary for users of medical robotics? How will roles and scopes of practice change? - How should questions of algorithmic fairness, accountability, bias and explanations for clinical AI/robotic decision-making be addressed?

About Author-

Ravina Pandya, Content Writer, has a strong foothold in the market research industry. She specializes in writing well-researched articles from different industries, including food and beverages, information and technology, healthcare, chemical and materials, etc. With an MBA in E-commerce, she has an expertise in SEO-optimized content that resonates with industry professionals. (https://www.linkedin.com/in/ravina-pandya-1a3984191)

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