Prothrombin Time (PT) Test The prothrombin time (PT) test is one of the most commonly performed hemostasis diagnostic tests. It measures the extent of vitamins K-dependent clotting factors, factors II, VII, IX and X, which participate in the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. A blood sample is mixed with thromboplastin and calcium chloride to initiate the extrinsic pathway. The time taken for a clot to form is then measured, with longer clotting times indicating a coagulation factor deficiency. The PT test in Hemostasis Diagnostics is useful for monitoring oral anticoagulant therapy and evaluating liver disease, as these conditions can result in deficiencies of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors produced in the liver. It is also elevated in cases of hemophilia A and B due to factor VIII and IX deficiencies respectively. PT is expressed as a ratio compared to a normal control sample, with a ratio higher than 1.3 times normal considered abnormal and indicating a coagulation defect. Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) Test The activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test evaluates the intrinsic and common pathways of coagulation. It specifically measures factors VIII, IX, XI, XII and prekallikrein. Similar to PT, a blood sample is mixed with activators to initiate the intrinsic pathway. The activators differ from those used in PT, allowing the test to assess different clotting factors. Like PT, aPTT is useful for monitoring heparin therapy and evaluating coagulation factor deficiencies. It is prolonged in hemophilia A and C due to factor VIII and XI deficiencies respectively. The aPTT test is more sensitive than PT for detecting mild coagulation factor deficiencies or lupus anticoagulants that inhibit components of the intrinsic pathway. Therapeutic ranges for aPTT are typically 1.5-2.5 times the control value. International Normalized Ratio (INR) The international normalized ratio (INR) is a standardized way of reporting PT test results that facilitates consistent monitoring of oral anticoagulant therapy worldwide. It enables clinicians to easily compare a patient's PT ratio regardless of the thromboplastin and coagulometer used. INR represents the ISI-corrected PT ratio and is calculated by raising the PT ratio to the power of the ISI value for the particular brand of thromboplastin. An INR value between 2-3 is generally considered the therapeutic range for patients taking warfarin. Above 3 indicates increased risk of bleeding, while below 2 puts the patient at higher risk of clotting. INR allows effective cross-correlation of PT results across laboratories and better assessment of anticoagulation intensity, improving management of patients on long-term warfarin therapy. Thrombin Time Test The thrombin time (TT) test measures the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin by thrombin. It specifically evaluates deficiencies in factors V and X as well as fibrinogen. The test involves addition of thrombin to plasma and measuring the clotting time. An elevated TT usually indicates decreased fibrinogen levels or a fibrinogen defect, suggesting dysfibrinogenemia or afibrinogenemia. Prolonged thrombin time can also occur in cases of liver disease due to decreased fibrinogen production in the liver. While not used as frequently as other diagnostic tests, thrombin time provides useful information about fibrinogen levels and function that is not detected by PT or aPTT tests. It can help identify coagulation factor deficiencies or inhibitors not revealed by standard coagulation screening tests. D-Dimer Assay D-dimer assays measure cross-linked fibrin degradation products in plasma that are produced when a blood clot lyses or dissolves in the body. D-dimer levels are elevated in conditions associated with increased clot formation and resolution such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The D-dimer test has high sensitivity for detecting existing blood clots but limited specificity, as levels also increase in various non-thrombotic conditions. It is mainly used for ruling out VTE when clinically suspected. A normal D-dimer result makes VTE highly unlikely, obviating the need for more invasive imaging tests. However an elevated D-dimer alone does not confirm VTE and requires correlation with clinical likelihood and radiological testing. Qualitative and quantitative D-dimer assays are available to aid evaluation of thrombotic diseases. Viscoelastic Tests Rotational thromboelastography ( ROTEM ) and thromboelastometry (TEG) are whole blood viscoelastic coagulation tests that provide a comprehensive assessment of hemostasis. They measure the kinetics of clot formation, maximum clot firmness (MCF), and clot lysis. Specific activators allow evaluation of the intrinsic/extrinsic pathways and fibrinogen function. Viscoelastic tests have advantages over conventional coagulation assays in trauma and surgery settings by providing a rapid, point-of-care assessment of hemostasis. They can detect coagulation factor deficiencies, platelet dysfunction, hyperfibrinolysis and the effects of antifibrinolytic drugs. This enables goal-directed therapeutic interventions including transfusion of specific blood products rather than fresh frozen plasma. Viscoelastic tests are increasingly used to guide hemostatic resuscitation in major trauma, liver surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Hemostasis Diagnostics Market: Global Size, Trends, Competitive, and Historical & Forecast Analysis, 2015-2025 – Increased prevalence of blood clotting disorders and increase in technological advancements are the key drivers for Global Hemostasis Diagnostics Market.Hemostasis Diagnostics Market is valued around USD 2228.8 Million in 2018 and expected to reach USD 3948.6 Million by 2025 with the CAGR of 8.1% over the forecast period.
Hemostasis diagnostics are those devices which help in the identification of hemostatic defects which leads to excessive bleeding.
Hemostasis helps in the diagnosis of actual cause of these disorders with history and helps in the treatment.
Based upon test type, global hemostasis diagnostics market is classified as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen degradation products, activated clotting time, platelet aggregation test and D dimer.
Based upon end user, global hemostasis diagnostics market is classified as hospital/clinics, independent diagnostic, laboratories and other002EGet Sample Copy of This Premium Report @ https://brandessenceresearch.com/requestSample/PostId/256 The regions covered in this hemostasis diagnostics market report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of the World.
On the basis of country level, market of Hemostasis Diagnostics is sub divided into U.S., Mexico, Canada, U.K., France, Germany, Italy, China, Japan, India, South East Asia, GCC, Africa, etc.Key Players for Global Hemostasis Diagnostics Market Reports–Global hemostasis diagnostics market report covers prominent players like Abbott Laboratories, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Nihon Kohden Corporation, Thermo fisher Scientific Inc., Danaher Corporation, Sysmex Corporation, Siemens Healthineers, Alere Inc., Instrumentation Laboratory, Grifols S.A. and others.Increase in the prevalence of blood clotting disorders and technological advancementThe commercialization and growth of global hemostasis diagnostics market over the past 25 years has been highly impactful.
