The tension coil could be the quiet perpetrator when your vehicle won't start or misfires randomly. While compact in stature, this vital piece of equipment is responsible for an enormous task: keeping your car running efficiently. If you're noticing a poor fuel economy, rough idle, or random loss of power, your ignition coil could be heading for a breakdown.
This comprehensive guide will demystify the car ignition coil, its operation, signs of malfunction, and why maintaining it in top shape is imperative for maximum engine performance.
What Is A Car Ignition Coil, And Why Is It Important?
Your car's ignition coil is an electrical transformer that converts the low voltage from your battery into the high voltage required to ignite your engine's fuel- air mixture. In other words, it's the pulse of your vehicle's ignition system. Your car would not start without it.
How Does It Work?
- The ignition coil receives 12 volts from your car's battery.
- It boosts this voltage to anywhere from 15,000 to 45,000 volts.
- This high voltage surge is directed to the spark plugs, producing a spark that burns the fuel
- The process of combustion drives the engine, enabling your vehicle to move.
- Your engine will not start without a functioning car ignition coil.
Symptoms Of A Failing Car Ignition Coil
A failing ignition coil can result in severe vehicle performance problems. Some of the common signs include:
Engine Misfires And Jerking Movements
A malfunctioning ignition coil cuts off the voltage supply to the spark plugs, causing incomplete combustion. It creates rough idling, hesitation of the engine, and spontaneous stalling when driving.
Poor Fuel Efficiency
If your vehicle uses more fuel than expected, an ineffective ignition coil may be the cause. When the coil malfunctions, the engine tries to compensate by injecting additional fuel, which results in poor fuel mileage.
Stiff Starts Or Complete No Start
If your vehicle won't start or takes a long time to start, the ignition coil may not deliver sufficient voltage to the spark plugs. This issue is particularly prevalent in cold temperatures.
Check Engine Light Activation
A dead ignition coil frequently illuminates the check engine light. A simple diagnostic scan will reveal whether the coil is the culprit if this light comes on.
Unusual Engine Sounds (Backfiring Or Coughing)
A damaged ignition coil may allow unburned fuel to escape into the exhaust system, causing loud popping noises from the tailpipe. If ignored, this can damage the catalytic converter.
Types Of Car Ignition Coils: Which One Does Your Car Use?
Not all ignition coils are the same. Different vehicles use different coil designs based on their ignition systems.
Conventional Coil (Single Coil System)
Older cars use a single ignition coil to ignite all the spark plugs. It sends voltage via a distributor cap and rotor.
Coil-On-Plug (COP) System
Newer cars employ one ignition coil per cylinder, doing away with spark plug wires and enhancing ignition accuracy.
Coil Pack System
Coil packs are used in some engines, wherein several ignition coils are packaged into one unit to ignite more than one cylinder.
Distributorless Ignition System (DIS)
This system employs crankshaft sensors to calculate ignition timing, transmitting signals to the coil packs for effective firing.
What Causes Car Ignition Coil Failure?
Several factors lead to ignition coil failure, including:
- Heat damage from excessive engine temperatures.
- Moisture exposure causes corrosion and short circuits.
- Worn-out spark plugs make the coil work harder.
- Voltage surges from electrical faults.
- Oil contamination from leaking valve cover gaskets.
- Regular maintenance and regular checks can avoid these problems.
How To Test A Failing Car Ignition Coil
If you feel that your ignition coil is on the verge of failure, here's how you can test it:
Using an OBD2 Scanner
Hook up a diagnostic scanner to test for misfire-related codes like P0351-P0356.
Performing a Spark Test
Pull off a spark plug wire and stick it close to a grounded object while cranking the engine. If you see no spark, the coil may be harmful.
Measuring Resistance with a Multimeter
Test the coil's primary and secondary resistance with a multimeter. A reading outside specifications indicates a failing coil.
Replacing A Car Ignition Coil: Diy Or Professional Repair?
Diy Replacement
Replacing a car ignition coil is simple for those familiar with basic car repair. You will need a socket wrench, a new ignition coil, and dielectric grease.
Steps:
- Remove the negative battery terminal.
- Disconnect the electrical connectors of the bad coil.
- Remove the old coil and fit in the new coil.
- Restore all connections and initiate the engine.
- Professional Fix
If doubtful, let a mechanic do it. A mechanic may also check connected parts such as spark plugs and wiring harnesses.
Extending The Car Ignition Coil Life
- Change spark plugs at the right time to avoid putting unnecessary strain on the coil.
- Avoid leaving the engine damp, as moisture will damage the coil.
- Use good quality fuel to avoid carbon deposits.
- Check wiring regularly to prevent voltage spikes.
- Do not overload the battery with power-hungry accessories.
By following these maintenance practices, you can extend the lifespan of your car ignition coil and prevent sudden breakdowns.
Last Thoughts: Is Your Car's Ignition Coil In Good Condition?
Your car's ignition coil may be tiny, but its contribution to your car's performance is gigantic. Do not take it lightly when you notice misfires, difficulty starting the vehicle, or decreased fuel economy. Diagnosing and replacing a worn-out ignition coil in time can prevent you from having to spend thousands on engine repairs in the future.
Check your car's ignition coil regularly and replace it whenever necessary, and your vehicle will perform at its optimum level each time you turn the key.
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